Frequency Response

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Frequency response is the measure of any system's response at the output to a signal of varying frequency (but constant amplitude) at its input. In the audible range it usually referred to in connection with Electronic amplifiers, microphones and loudspeakers. Radio spectrum frequency response can refer to measurements of coaxial cables, Category_6_cable, video switchers and wireless communications devices. Subsonic frequency response measurements can include earthquakes and electroencephalography (brain waves). The frequency response is typically characterized by the magnitude of the system's response, measured in decibel, and the phase, measured in radians, versus frequency. The frequency response of a system can be measured by:

applying an impulse to the system and measuring its response (see impulse response)
sweeping a constant-amplitude pure tone through the bandwidth of interest and measuring the output level and phase shift relative to the input
applying a signal with a wide frequency spectrum (e.g., maximum length sequence, white noise, or pink noise), and calculating the impulse response by deconvolution of this input signal and the output signal of the system.
simply measuring the output of a system where an input signal isn't practical.

Once a frequency response has been measured (e.g., as an impulse response), providing the system is LTI system theory, its characteristic can be approximated with arbitrary accuracy by a digital filter. Similarly, if a system is demonstrated to have a poor frequency response, a digital or analog filter can be applied to the signals prior to their reproduction to compensate for these deficiencies.

Frequency response curves are often used to indicate the accuracy of amplifiers and speakers for reproducing audio. As an example, a high fidelity amplifier may be said to have a frequency response of 20 Hertz - 20,000 Hz ±1 decibel. This means that the system amplifies all frequencies within that range within the limits quoted. 'Good frequency response' therefore does not guarantee a specific fidelity, but only indicates that a piece of equipment meets the basic frequency response requirements.

See also

Transfer function
Bode plot
Bandwidth
Audio system measurements
Transient response & steady-state response

References

Frequency Response
Frequency Response Aims The aims of this experiment are To learn more about the Frequency Response and Bode Diagrams for several key processes (single lag, single delay, lags in ...

Frequency Response Definition
An Introduction to Frequency Response The National Grid Company plc Market Development: March 2001 1 Frequency Response Definition System frequency is a continuously changing ...

Frequency response - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Frequency response is the measure of any system's spectrum response at the output to a signal of varying frequency (but constant amplitude) at its input.

FREQUENCY RESPONSE
A perfect amplifier with an amplification of times 10, as shown above, would give an output 10 times greater than the input, NO MATTER WHAT THE INPUT FREQUENCY.

Frequency Response
Products and Services of Gaz de France ESS ... Frequency Response Demand Side Frequency Response forms part of National Grid (NG)'s Balancing Services and is used to balance system ...

Sennheiser PC30
Sennheiser Communications, integrated, headset, solutions, professional, telecommunications, multimedia, applications, premium, telecom products, telecom, communication, contact ...

Frequency Response Methods
Notes On Frequency Response Analysis of Control Diagrams ... not been checked by an independent person. Use this information at your own risk.

National Grid: Frequency Response
Frequency Response What is frequency? System frequency is a continuously changing variable that is determined and controlled by the second-by-second (real time) balance between ...

Frequency Response
Frequency Response ... Frequency Response The frequency response of an LTI filter may be defined as the spectrum of the output signal divided by the spectrum of the input signal.

Sennheiser Worldwide: CX 300 White - CX 300 White
Sennheiser Worldwide: Microphones, Headsets, Headphones, Wireless Systems, Wired Microphones, Microphone and Headset.